對(duì)于鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的施工來(lái)說(shuō)，如果說(shuō)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件的制作是基礎(chǔ)，那么鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝則是保證其正常運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵所在。從某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝的質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)劣，直接關(guān)系著整個(gè)建筑項(xiàng)目工程施工的質(zhì)量以及外觀。那么在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么問(wèn)題呢？
For the construction of steel structure buildings, if the fabrication of steel structure components is the foundation, then the installation of steel structure is the key to ensure its normal operation. In a sense, the quality of steel structure installation is directly related to the quality and appearance of the whole construction project. So what problems will occur during the installation of steel structure?
1.在進(jìn)行鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝之前，沒(méi)有仔細(xì)地審查圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容，導(dǎo)致實(shí)際安裝過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了質(zhì)量問(wèn)題。
1. Before the installation of steel structure, the design contents of drawings were not carefully reviewed, resulting in quality problems in the actual installation process.
2.鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程中的鋼柱安裝過(guò)程中，存在著一些違反施工操作規(guī)程的行為，比如只是將鋼柱單根地插起來(lái)，卻沒(méi)有采取一些措施使其形成一個(gè)相對(duì)比較穩(wěn)固的框架體系，因此很不牢固，容易出現(xiàn)倒塌現(xiàn)象。同時(shí)，施工過(guò)程中還經(jīng)常存在著類(lèi)似于錨固螺栓的標(biāo)高不一致，螺栓的定位尺寸在放預(yù)埋時(shí)出現(xiàn)偏差，進(jìn)而出現(xiàn)鋼柱安裝時(shí)的偏位等問(wèn)題。
2. During the installation of steel columns in steel structure engineering, there are some behaviors in violation of construction operation regulations. For example, the steel columns are only inserted individually, but some measures are not taken to form a relatively stable frame system. Therefore, it is very unstable and prone to collapse. At the same time, there are often some problems in the construction process, such as the inconsistency of the elevation similar to the anchor bolt, the deviation of the positioning size of the bolt when placing and embedding, and then the deviation during the installation of the steel column.
3.鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝過(guò)程中使用多是高強(qiáng)度螺栓，實(shí)踐中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)如下問(wèn)題：螺栓露牙不足或者比螺母還低一些；螺栓沒(méi)有擰緊，且扭剪過(guò)程中將梅花頭擰斷了，大六角形狀沒(méi)有設(shè)置初擰和終擰標(biāo)記；在實(shí)際安裝過(guò)程中，摩擦面上原有的一層防護(hù)紙沒(méi)有完全撕掉；將高強(qiáng)度的螺栓用作臨時(shí)固定之用，待其安裝之后兩天兩夜內(nèi)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行漆封操作；沒(méi)有對(duì)扭矩和軸力進(jìn)行復(fù)試，而且也沒(méi)有對(duì)緊固力矩嚴(yán)格按照相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行計(jì)算；鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的摩擦系數(shù)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的試驗(yàn)和測(cè)算；安裝過(guò)程中所用到的拉桿螺栓沒(méi)有擰緊，或者拉桿本身就不直，導(dǎo)致螺母和母材之間的接觸面太小，因此難以實(shí)施穿孔作業(yè)。
3. High strength bolts are mostly used in the installation of steel structures, and the following problems often occur in practice: the exposed teeth of bolts are insufficient or lower than nuts; The bolt is not tightened, and the plum blossom head is broken during torsion and shearing, and the large hexagon shape is not marked with initial tightening and final tightening; In the actual installation process, the original layer of protective paper on the friction surface is not completely torn off; High strength bolts are used for temporary fixing, and no paint sealing operation is carried out within two days and two nights after installation; The torque and axial force were not retested, and the tightening torque was not calculated in strict accordance with relevant regulations; The friction coefficient of steel structure has not been strictly tested and calculated; The tension rod bolts used in the installation process are not tightened, or the tension rod itself is not straight, resulting in too small contact surface between the nut and the base metal, so it is difficult to carry out perforation operation.
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